Massdns is a high-performance DNS stub resolver for bulk lookups and reconnaissance (subdomain enumeration).
It is a simple high-performance DNS stub resolver targeting those who seek to resolve a massive amount of domain names in the order of millions or even billions.
Without special configuration, MassDNS is capable of resolving over 350,000 names per second using publicly available resolvers.
Major changes
This version of MassDNS is currently experimental. In order to speed up the resolving process, the ldns dependency has been replaced by a custom stack-based DNS implementation (which currently only supports the text representation of the most common DNS records).
Furthermore, epoll has been introduced in order to lighten CPU usage when operating with a low concurrency which may have broken compatibility with some platforms.
Also note that the command line interface has changed slightly due to criticism of the output complexity.
Additionally, the default values of the -sand-i parameters have been changed. The repository structure has been changed as well.
Compilation
Clone the git repository andcdinto the project root folder. Then runmaketo build from source. If you are not on Linux, runmake nolinux. On Windows, theCygwinpackagesgcc-core,gitandmakeare required.
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Usage: ./bin/massdns [options] [domainlist] -b --bindto Bind to IP address and port. (Default: 0.0.0.0:0) --busy-poll Use busy-wait polling instead of epoll. -c --resolve-count Number of resolves for a name before giving up. (Default: 50) --drop-group Group to drop privileges to when running as root. (Default: nogroup) --drop-user User to drop privileges to when running as root. (Default: nobody) --flush Flush the output file whenever a response was received. -h --help Show this help. -i --interval Interval in milliseconds to wait between multiple resolves of the same domain. (Default: 500) -l --error-log Error log file path. (Default: /dev/stderr) --norecurse Use non-recursive queries. Useful for DNS cache snooping. -o --output Flags for output formatting. --predictable Use resolvers incrementally. Useful for resolver tests. --processes Number of processes to be used for resolving. (Default: 1) -q --quiet Quiet mode. --rcvbuf Size of the receive buffer in bytes. --retry Unacceptable DNS response codes. (Default: REFUSED) -r --resolvers Text file containing DNS resolvers. --root Do not drop privileges when running as root. Not recommended. -s --hashmap-size Number of concurrent lookups. (Default: 10000) --sndbuf Size of the send buffer in bytes. --sticky Do not switch the resolver when retrying. --socket-count Socket count per process. (Default: 1) -t --type Record type to be resolved. (Default: A) --verify-ip Verify IP addresses of incoming replies. -w --outfile Write to the specified output file instead of standard output.Output flags: S - simple text output F - full text output B - binary output J - ndjson outputThis overview may be incomplete. For more options, especially concerning output formatting, use--help.
Resolve all AAAA records from domains within domains.txt using the resolvers withinresolvers.txtinlistsand store the results within results.txt:
$ ./bin/massdns -r lists/resolvers.txt -t AAAA domains.txt > results.txt
This is equivalent to:
$ ./bin/massdns -r lists/resolvers.txt -t AAAA -w results.txt domains.txt
By default, MassDNS will output response packets in text format which looks similar to the following:
;; Server: 77.41.229.2:53 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;; ANSWER SECTION: ;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
;; Size: 93
;; Unix time: 1513458347
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 51298
;; flags: qr rd ra ; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 0
example.com. IN A
example.com. 45929 IN A 93.184.216.34
example.com. 24852 IN NS b.iana-servers.net.
example.com. 24852 IN NS a.iana-servers.net.
The resolver IP address is included in order to make it easier for you to filter the output in case you detect that some resolvers produce bad results.
The repository includes the fileresolvers.txtconsisting of a filtered subset of the resolvers provided by thesubbrute project. Please note that the usage of MassDNS may cause a significant load on the used resolvers and result in abuse complaints being sent to your ISP.
Also note that the provided resolvers are not guaranteed to be trustworthy. The resolver list is currently outdated with a large share of resolvers being dysfunctional.
MassDNS’s DNS implementation is currently very sporadic and only supports the most common records. You are welcome to help changing this by collaborating.
MassDNS includes a Python script allowing you to resolve all IPv4 PTR records by printing their respective queries to the standard output.
$ ./scripts/ptr.py | ./bin/massdns -r lists/resolvers.txt -t PTR -w ptr.txt
Please note that the labels withinin-addr.arpaare reversed. In order to resolve the domain name of1.2.3.4, MassDNS expects4.3.2.1.in-addr.arpaas input query name.
As a consequence, the Python script does not resolve the records in an ascending order which is an advantage because sudden heavy spikes at the name servers of IPv4 subnets are avoided.
Reconnaissance by brute-forcing subdomains
Perform reconnaissance scans responsibly and adjust the-sparameter to not overwhelm authoritative name servers.
MassDNS allows you to brute force subdomains using the includedsubbrute.pyscript:
$ ./scripts/subbrute.py lists/names.txt example.com | ./bin/massdns -r lists/resolvers.txt -t A -o S -w results.txt
As an additional method of reconnaissance, thect.pyscript extracts subdomains from certificate transparency logs by scraping the data fromcrt.sh:
$ ./scripts/ct.py example.com | ./bin/massdns -r lists/resolvers.txt -t A -o S -w results.txt
Security
MassDNS does not require root privileges and will therefore drop privileges to the user called “nobody” by default when being run as root.
If the user “nobody” does not exist, MassDNS will refuse execution. In this case, it is recommended to run MassDNS as another non-privileged user.
The privilege drop can be circumvented using the--rootargument which is not recommended.
Also note that other branches than master should not be used in production at all.
Practical Considerations
MassDNS is a simple single-threaded application designed for scenarios in which the network is the bottleneck. It is designed to be run on servers with high upload and download bandwidths.
Internally, MassDNS makes use of a hash map which controls the concurrency of lookups. Setting the size parameter-shence allows you to control the lookup rate. If you are experiencing performance issues, try adjusting the-sparameter in order to obtain a better success rate.
Rate Limiting Evasion
In case rate limiting by IPv6 resolvers is a problem, have a look at thefreebindproject includingpacketrand, which will cause each packet to be sent from a different IPv6 address from a routed prefix.
Result Authenticity
If the authenticity of results is highly essential, you should not rely on the included resolver list. Instead, set up a localunboundresolver and supply MassDNS with its IP address.
In case you are using MassDNS as a reconnaissance tool, you may wish to run it with the default resolver list first and re-run it on the found names with a list of trusted resolvers in order to eliminate false positives.
Credits : Quirin Scheitle
